Back to the presentation pageBiodiversity in India
I_ General on biodiversity in India
Initially, India was primarily covered by rainforest. This type of vegetation has been sustained in areas of high rainfall.
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Mangrove |
The flora is particularly diverse in the Gangetic plain, where it benefits from moisture.
The vegetation is lush plains in South-East where alternate mangroves, salt forests (large trees in wood) and hardwood trees.
Conifers dominate in the northwest of the Himalayas whose eastern slopes are covered with abundant tropical and subtropical vegetation.
On the Malabar coast and the eastern slopes of the Ghats, areas with high precipitation and densely forested, the trees predominate.
In marshy plains and the lower slopes of Western Ghats of vates ranges remain impenetrable jungle.
In region of Dekkan, the vegetation is less dense forests of bamboo and palm trees in and deciduous .
II_ Some animal species emblematic
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Myna bird
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Gaur
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Indian Rollier
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India accounted for 8% of known species, with 4700 species of plants and 8100 animal species.
India is home to 706% of all mammal species, 12.6% of bird species, 6.2% of species of reptiles and 6% of flowering plants
. Among the 365 species of mammals living in the e-continent, the cats are particularly worthy of attention. India is the only country in the world to welcome the three bigs cats like the tiger, lion and leopard.
The tiger (Panthera tigris) is obviously the most important step on its size and symbolic force. He was elected as national animal of India. Its survival is now critically endangered because of poaching and loss of habitat. As for the lion in Asia which once occupied the whole of Asia, today they survive in the wild in the National Park Sasan Gir in Gujarat, the last refuge for some 400 lions.
Other mammals are remarkable, as the Asian elephant who lives mainly on the north-eastern Himalayas and in the remote forests of Dekkan.
Some 408 species of reptiles and 197 species of amphibians are living in the subcontinent. There are 3 species of crocodiles. The best known is the most representative is the Gavial which recognizes its snout and elongated end and who has lived in the foothills of the Himalayas, the saltwater crocodile and the crocodile swamps.
Among the 240 species of snakes, 1 / 5 is poisonous.
With 1224 species, India is figue birds of paradise. The Keoladeo National Park near Agra in the north is famous for its nearly 400 different species of birds, including a large number of aquatic species.
III_ Some emblematic plant species
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Teak |
Neem |
fig of Pagidas |
Some of the important Neem trees, with medicinal properties, are widely used for herbal medicine .
The fig of Pagidas visible on the seals of Mohenjo-Daro, a shaded the Gautama Buddha as he reached Nirvana.
More surprisingly, about a third of the flowers of India are endemic species in 5150 is divided into 140 genera, which means that part of imprtant identified the world's flora is endemic in India, such as teak, overexploited for commercial purposes.
Sources
Google Images
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http://www.zoo-parc-beauval.image-en-france.fr
http://pkarus-team.blogspot.com
http://pagesperso-orange.fr/alainjoly1/ecologie10.htm